1933: The Birth of Varlık Amidst the Creative Breath of a Young Republic
Varlık magazine was born on July 15, 1933, in Ankara, amidst the optimism and creative fervor of Turkey’s early republican era. Founded by Yaşar Nabi Nayır with the encouragement of Nahit Sırrı Örik and Sabri Esat Siyavuşgil, the magazine emerged just five years after the alphabet reform, a period when literacy was limited and adapting to the Latin script was a challenge for many. Despite these obstacles, Varlık began as a biweekly publication, aiming to nurture a literary culture reflective of the new republic’s aspirations.
Pioneering Translations and Original Works
From its inception, Varlık embraced both original Turkish works and translations of Western literature, aligning with the cultural policies of Hasan Âli Yücel’s Translation Bureau, where Nayır also served. Early issues prominently featured poetry and short stories, publishing works by luminaries like Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı, Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, and Sait Faik Abasıyanık. Iconic pieces such as “Gün Eksilmesin Penceremden” by Cahit Sıtkı and Sabahattin Ali’s “Kağnı” found their first audiences through Varlık. The magazine also showcased plays by Turkish and international playwrights, including Chekhov, marking its role as a diverse cultural platform.
1939: A Transformation in Focus
In its sixth year, Varlık underwent a significant transformation, broadening its scope to address economic and social issues alongside literary content. This period saw the emergence of the Garip poetry movement, which initially faced criticism. Orhan Veli Kanık’s defense of this avant-garde style, published in Varlık, laid the groundwork for its recognition. Despite economic hardships forcing a shift to monthly publication, the magazine remained a key space for new ideas.
1946: Relocation to Istanbul and the Founding of Varlık Publications
Amid financial challenges, Varlık moved to Istanbul in 1946, marking a new era. The establishment of Varlık Publications expanded its influence, publishing both translations and original works, including Cahit Sıtkı Tarancı’s celebrated poetry collection Otuz Beş Yaş (The age of thirty five). The magazine also became a platform for writers from Turkey’s Village Institutes, reflecting its commitment to bridging rural and urban cultural dialogues.
1950s: New Ventures and Broader Horizons
The 1950s brought innovation, with Varlık initiating a “Book Club” and including sections on cinema and music. It also launched literary awards like the Sait Faik Short Story Prize, which recognized emerging talents. These efforts demonstrated Varlık’s adaptability and enduring relevance in Turkish literary life.
Post-1981: Interdisciplinary Approaches and Contemporary Relevance
After the passing of its founder, Varlık continued under Filiz Nayır and later Kemal Özer, embracing interdisciplinary themes and focusing on societal issues. With topics ranging from realism to structuralism, the magazine expanded its intellectual reach while remaining true to its mission of discovering and promoting new literary voices. The inclusion of visual arts and humor further diversified its offerings, cementing its role as a dynamic force in Turkish culture.
A Legacy of Over 85 Years
Varlık’s evolution reflects Turkey’s cultural and intellectual history. From nurturing early republican ideals to embracing modern challenges, the magazine remains a vital institution in Turkish literature, bridging past and present with its innovative spirit and unwavering dedication to creativity.
